{"id":1011269,"date":"2026-02-17T13:18:33","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T12:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.obsnev.es\/?page_id=1011269"},"modified":"2026-02-17T13:27:53","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T12:27:53","slug":"proyecto-gloria","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/en\/proyecto-gloria\/","title":{"rendered":"GLORIA project"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1011269\" class=\"elementor elementor-1011269\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86b5723 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"86b5723\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bfe35b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1bfe35b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdafd7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bdafd7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"widget-title\">What is GLORIA<\/h3><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p>It is a program for monitoring global change in alpine environments (Global observation Initiative in Alpine Environments; GLORIA). It is a long-term monitoring based on a network of sampling points at a global level.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4b99db elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a4b99db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"555\" src=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Logo_GLORIA.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1009185\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Logo_GLORIA.jpg 550w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Logo_GLORIA-297x300.jpg 297w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Logo_GLORIA-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Logo_GLORIA-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86b0f0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86b0f0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p>This monitoring program started in\u00a0<strong>2001<\/strong>\u00a0in\u00a0<strong>18<\/strong>\u00a0European mountain ranges (GLORIA-Europe), including\u00a0<strong>Sierra Nevada<\/strong>It has now spread to mountains around the world, bringing together more than\u00a0<strong>121 study areas<\/strong>\u00a0in the main mountain ranges of all biomes, from the poles to the tropics (GLORIA-Worldwide).<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a91e253 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a91e253\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"302\" src=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Target_Regions_V.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1009230\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Target_Regions_V.png 992w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Target_Regions_V-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Target_Regions_V-768x290.png 768w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Target_Regions_V-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b1b1a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b1b1a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><div id=\"panel-gb1009182-69945c80969da-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p>GLORIA focuses its attention on the alpine biozone (i.e., high mountain areas), defined as the area above the level where low temperatures condition the absence of forest (<em>forestline<\/em>; including the ecotone constituted by the upper limit of the trees (treeline), plus the alpine and snow levels.<em>treeline<\/em>), m\u00e1s los niveles alpino y nival.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-gb1009182-69945c80969da-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"1\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Target<\/h3><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p>Assess the impacts of climate change on high mountain plant biodiversity globally.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-gb1009182-69945c80969da-0-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"2\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">History<\/h3><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p>In 2001, Georg Grabherr, Michael Gottfried, and Harald Pauli (Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria), launch GLORIA-Europe with 18 sites in 13 European countries. Since 2004, the project has expanded and today almost all mountains in the world are represented.<\/p><p>There are six active GLORIA monitoring areas in Spain:<\/p><ul><li>Aragonese Pyrenees\u00a0<strong>ES-CPY-<\/strong>Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park (2001) and\u00a0<strong>ES-SPY-<\/strong>Pirineo Sil\u00edceo-Valle de Tena (2001).<\/li><li>Sierra Nevada National Park:\u00a0<strong>ES-SNE-<\/strong>Western Sierra Nevada (2001) and ES-SNN-North Eastern Sierra Nevada (2004).<\/li><li>Central System:\u00a0<strong>ES-SIC-<\/strong>Navacerrada (2006).<\/li><li>Cantabrian Mountains:\u00a0<strong>ES-CRE-<\/strong>Cantabrian Mountains: (2010).<\/li><li>Iberian System:\u00a0<strong>ES-MON-<\/strong>Moncayo (2012).<\/li><\/ul><p>It is the European country that contributes the most areas to the GLORIA network.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-gb1009182-69945c80969da-0-0-3\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"3\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Sampling Methodology<\/h3><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p>At the 2010 GLORIA Project conference in Perth, Scotland, about 100 project members discussed and worked on the results obtained so far, and the result was a field manual, available in several languages.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4954559 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4954559\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f028b32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f028b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gloria.ac.at\/downloads\/Manual_5thEd_ESP.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"725\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_ES-725x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1009197\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_ES-725x1024.png 725w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_ES-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_ES-768x1085.png 768w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_ES-8x12.png 8w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_ES.png 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5af8718 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5af8718\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gloria.ac.at\/downloads\/Manual_5thEd_ENG.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"725\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_EN-725x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1009196\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_EN-725x1024.png 725w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_EN-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_EN-768x1085.png 768w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_EN-8x12.png 8w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gloria_Portada_Manual_EN.png 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33a584e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33a584e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><div id=\"panel-gb1009182-69945c80969da-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><div id=\"panel-gb1009182-69945c80969da-0-0-5\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"5\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p>The sampling adopted for this monitoring network is replicable, simple and economical. It is based on a \"multi-summit approach\", with the following characteristics:<\/p><p>Each study area (target region) is characterized by:<\/p><ul><li>4 peaks designated for monitoring.<\/li><li>Located in an altitudinal gradient.<\/li><li>Located in the same region and with the same geological substrate.<\/li><li>Establishment of permanent plots in which a standardized sampling of the vegetation is done every 5-10 years.<\/li><li>Continuous recording of the floor temperature (1 recording every hour x 4 temperature sensors x peak)<\/li><\/ul><p>The activities for each sampling are:<\/p><p><strong>Mandatory activities<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Registro de la especies (plantas vasculares) en 16 quadrats de 1\u00d71 m.<\/li><li>Semi-quantitative record of species in 8 areas of each summit.<\/li><li>Photographic documentation of plots.<\/li><li>Continuous floor temperature recording.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Optional Activities<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Record bryophytes, lichens and additional quantitative vegetation estimates.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-gb1009182-69945c80969da-0-0-6\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"6\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">GLORIA in Sierra Nevada<\/h3><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p>The GLORIA project has two target regions in Sierra Nevada. Currently the scientific responsible is Dr. Juan Lorite, Department of Botany, UGR. Previously (2001-2019) the scientific coordination was in charge of Dr. Joaquin Molero.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Target region SNE:<\/strong>\u00a04 peaks. Sampling since 2001 (2001-2008-2015-2022)<\/li><li><strong>Target region SNN<\/strong>: 4 peaks. Sampling since 2004 (2004-2011-2019-2026)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfec8e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dfec8e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"620\" src=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Target_Regions_SN-1024x794.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1009265\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Target_Regions_SN-1024x794.png 1024w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Target_Regions_SN-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Target_Regions_SN-768x595.png 768w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Target_Regions_SN-15x12.png 15w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Target_Regions_SN.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2548942 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2548942\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"panel-gb1009182-69945c80969da-0-0-7\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"7\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Financing of the GLORIA Project in Sierra Nevada<\/h3><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p>In\u00a0<strong>2001<\/strong>\u00a0the core group of researchers leading the GLORIA Project, Georg Grabherr, Michael Gottfried and Harald Pauli (Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria), in collaboration with the group of the University of Granada led by Joaqu\u00edn Molero, established the first 4 monitoring plots in four summits (Sierra Nevada Oeste-SNE) and carried out the first sampling of the time series. All this with the financial support of the Project\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Observation_Research_Initiative_in_Alpine_Environments\">GLORIA-Europe<\/a>, financiado por el Quinto Programa Marco de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Uni\u00f3n Europea.<\/p><p>In\u00a0<strong>2004<\/strong>Joaquin Molero's team started the research project:\u00a0<em>\"Climate change in the Sierra Nevada from phytogenic scenarios, species and plant communities indicators and the evaluation of the biological activity of soils in the cryo-Mediterranean floor (cycles of C and N)\"<\/em>funded by the Research Program in the National Parks Network (OAPN).  With it, four other monitoring plots were installed (Sierra Nevada Noroeste-SNN), where, in addition to basic sampling, a monitoring of lichen flora and soil C and N cycles was carried out. This installation and follow-up also had the financial support of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/506679\">GLOCHAMORE<\/a>\u00a0project (Global Change in Mountain Regions: An Integrated Assessment of Causes and Consequences).<\/p><p>In\u00a0<strong>2009<\/strong>\u00a0a period of collaboration began between the team led by Dr. Molero with the Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory, financed through a contract signed between the University of Granada and the former EGAMSA (now the Environment and Water Agency). This contract financed the training of personnel, the management of data from monitoring and its publication.<\/p><p>Between\u00a0<strong>2015<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>2019<\/strong>, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oeaw.ac.at\/igf\/information\/news\/article\/the-project-medialps\/\">MEDIALPS<\/a><sub>,\u00a0<\/sub>project, funded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences and led by Dr. Manuela Winkler (Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria) expanded the spectrum of knowledge. In addition to the monitoring of vegetation and soil temperature, other ecological and ecophysiological variables were added.<\/p><p>Throughout this process, the Environmental and Regional Planning Council of the Regional Government of Andalusia has strongly supported the GLORIA project, facilitating and actively collaborating in the field work from Sierra Nevada National and Natural Park. The Environment and Water Agency, as an instrumental entity of the Regional Council, in addition to providing technical support for data collection, has provided part of the material means and participates in the analysis of the results, which are periodically incorporated into the Observatory databases.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-gb1009182-69945c80969da-0-0-8\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"8\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Work team in Sierra Nevada<\/h3><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p>As mentioned above, the GLORIA project began in 2001 in Sierra Nevada. Between 2001 and 2018, Drs. Joaqu\u00edn Molero and Abderrahmane Merzouki, from the Department of Botany of the University of Granada, acted as scientific leaders. From 2018 to the present, the scientific responsible is Dr. Juan Lorite.<\/p><p>Between 2001 and the present day, many researchers, students, technicians and environmental agents have collaborated in the periodic data collection at these peaks. We hope not to forget any of the participants, since without their invaluable help it would not have been possible to carry out these samplings:<\/p><h6>UGR RESEARCHERS AND STUDENTS<\/h6><p>Joaqu\u00edn Molero Mesa, Abderrahmane Merzouki , M\u00aa Rosa Fern\u00e1ndez Calzado, Juan Lorite Moreno, Fabi\u00e1n Mesa Mill\u00e1n, Diego Nieto Lugilde , Mar\u00eda Eugenia Ramos Font , Cristina Patricia S\u00e1nchez Rojas, Juan Jos\u00e9 Jim\u00e9nez Gonz\u00e1lez , Jos\u00e9 Manuel S\u00e1nchez Robles , Santiago Schiaffino Ortega, Jos\u00e9 Manuel Ramiro Guti\u00e9rrez , Guillermo Ben\u00edtez Cruz, John Blanco Houston , Jos\u00e9 Miguel Romero Molina, Jos\u00e9 Miguel Marfil, \u00c1lvaro L\u00f3pez Garc\u00eda, Manuel Casares Porcel, M\u00aa Reyes Gonz\u00e1lez-Tejero Garc\u00eda, M\u00aa Isabel de Haro Bravo , El Mesbahi Mohamed Najib , Samir Benghazi Akhlaki , Cristina Bonillo Garc\u00eda, Daniel \u00c1lvarez Yaque, Julia Molero, Katy Rondinel, Salvatore Cambria, Sorboni Karimzoda, Patricia Gonz\u00e1lez D\u00edaz, Jenaro Leal, Marina Morente, Nuria Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Susana Ortiz Sanz, Ana Gonz\u00e1lez Robles<\/p><h6>ENVIRONMENTAL AND REGIONAL PLANNING COUNCIL OF THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT OF ANDALUSIA<\/h6><p>Daniel Morillas Fern\u00e1ndez, Jos\u00e9 Pedro S\u00e1nchez Mart\u00ednez, Juan Reyes Moreno, Manuel Rom\u00e1n S\u00e1nchez<\/p><h6>ENVIRONMENT AND WATER AGENCY<\/h6><p>Mario Ruiz Girela, Cristina Patricia S\u00e1nchez Rojas, Jos\u00e9 Miguel Mu\u00f1oz , Antonio Veredas Navarro , Gonzalo Mu\u00f1oz Pedraza, Juan de Dios Rodr\u00edguez C\u00e1ceres, Miguel \u00c1ngel Arrufat Jim\u00e9nez, M\u00f3nica Mart\u00ednez Villalba , Rogelio L\u00f3pez Sanjuan<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a212a elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"c2a212a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carrusel de im\u00e1genes\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 5\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Team_Gloria_1.png\" alt=\"Team_Gloria_1\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 5\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Team_Gloria_2.png\" alt=\"Team_Gloria_2\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 5\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Team_Gloria_3.png\" alt=\"Team_Gloria_3\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 of 5\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Team_Gloria_4-768x478.png\" alt=\"Team_Gloria_4\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"5 of 5\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Team_Gloria_5.png\" alt=\"Team_Gloria_5\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-left\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M646 125C629 125 613 133 604 142L308 442C296 454 292 471 292 487 292 504 296 521 308 533L604 854C617 867 629 875 646 875 663 875 679 871 692 858 704 846 713 829 713 812 713 796 708 779 692 767L438 487 692 225C700 217 708 204 708 187 708 171 704 154 692 142 675 129 663 125 646 125Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-chevron-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M696 533C708 521 713 504 713 487 713 471 708 454 696 446L400 146C388 133 375 125 354 125 338 125 325 129 313 142 300 154 292 171 292 187 292 204 296 221 308 233L563 492 304 771C292 783 288 800 288 817 288 833 296 850 308 863 321 871 338 875 354 875 371 875 388 867 400 854L696 533Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c8f544 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c8f544\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"widget-title\">Results<\/h3><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><ul><li>Important changes in the composition in 7 years Scrubbing of the peaks.<\/li><li>Increase in species richness in temperate climate and decrease in Mediterranean mountains such as Sierra Nevada.<\/li><li>Reduction of species adapted to \"cold\" and replacement by less adapted species: thermophilization.<\/li><li>Decline of mountain habitats and species<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae9f69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eae9f69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Pauli_et_al_articulos-1024x519.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1009201\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Pauli_et_al_articulos-1024x519.png 1024w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Pauli_et_al_articulos-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Pauli_et_al_articulos-768x389.png 768w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Pauli_et_al_articulos-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/obsnev.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Pauli_et_al_articulos.png 1417w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac5dbd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac5dbd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"panel-gb1009182-69945c80969da-0-0-11\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"11\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Works in progress<\/h3><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><ul><li>SoilTemp: call for data for a global database of soil temperature. Lembrecht et al. (en revisi\u00f3n)<\/li><li>Automated vegetation cover estimation from close-range photogrammetric point clouds in alpine terrain for interpretation of micro-topographicconditions in summit areas of the Alps and Mediterranean mountains. Niederheriser et al. (en revisi\u00f3n)<\/li><li>Changes in alpine vegetation in the southermost limit of european mountains (Sierra Nevada SE Spain) (en preparaci\u00f3n).<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-gb1009182-69945c80969da-0-0-12\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-last-child\" data-index=\"12\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">References<\/h3><div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\"><p>Fern\u00e1ndez Calzado, M.R. &amp; Molero Mesa, J. (2013). Changes in the summit flora of a Mediterranean mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain) as a possible effect of climate change. Lazaroa 34: 65-75.<\/p><p>Fern\u00e1ndez Calzado, M.R. &amp; J. Molero Mesa, J. (2011). Indicios del impacto del clima en la flora de Sierra Nevada. Quercus 308: 60-61.<\/p><p>Fern\u00e1ndez Calzado, M.R., Molero Mesa, J. &amp; Merzouki A. (2010). Monitoring plant diversity and climate change in Sierra Nevada (Spain). Acta Bot\u00e1nica Gallica 157 (4): 669-676.<\/p><p>Fern\u00e1ndez Calzado, M.R., Molero Mesa, J., Merzouki, A. &amp; Casares Porcel M. (2012). Vascular plant diversity and climate change in the upper zone of Sierra Nevada, Spain. Plant biosystems 146(4): 1044-1053.<\/p><p>Fern\u00e1ndez Calzado, M.R. &amp; Molero Mesa J. (2011). Historical evidences on flora composition changes in a high vegetation belt, Sierra Nevada, Spain (1837-2009). Int J Geobot Res 1:41\u201354.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5616\/ijgr110003\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5616\/ijgr110003<\/a><\/p><p>Gottfried M, Pauli H, Futschik A, et al (2012) Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change. Nat Clim Chang 2:111\u2013115.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nclimate1329\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nclimate1329<\/a><\/p><p>Molero Mesa J., Fern\u00e1ndez Calzado, M. R., Merzouki, A., Casares Porcel, M. y Gonz\u00e1lez-Tejero M.R. (2009). Escenarios fitocenol\u00f3gicos de observaci\u00f3n para el seguimiento del cambio clim\u00e1tico en Sierra Nevada. Monograf\u00eda de investigaci\u00f3n Parques Nacionales: 73-96.<\/p><p>Molero-Mesa J, Fern\u00e1ndez-Calzado M.R. (2010) Evolution of the high mountain flora of Sierra Nevada (1837-2009). Acta Bot Gall 157:659\u2013667.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/12538078.2010.10516239\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/12538078.2010.10516239<\/a><\/p><p>Pauli H, Gottfried M, Dullinger S, et al. (2012). Recent Plant Diversity Changes on Europe\u2019s Mountain Summits. Science (80) 336: 353\u2013355.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/DOI%2010.1126\/science.1219033\">https:\/\/doi.org\/DOI 10.1126\/science.1219033<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e746bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3e746bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00e9 es GLORIA Es un programa de seguimiento del cambio global en ambientes alpinos (Global observation Initiative in Alpine Environments; GLORIA). Se trata de un seguimiento a largo plazo basado en una red de puntos de muestreo a nivel global. Este programa de seguimiento comenz\u00f3 en\u00a02001\u00a0en\u00a018\u00a0cordilleras europeas (GLORIA-Europa), entre ellas\u00a0Sierra Nevada. En la actualidad se [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1011269","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1011269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1011269"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1011269\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1011283,"href":"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1011269\/revisions\/1011283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obsnev.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1011269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}